What Aaron said was right, I myself had issues with this for the past 2 days since getting my hands on the game. (kept reinstalling the game (4th time as of now)) Basically followed what Aaron said, aside from mucking around with firewall and antispyware scanning.
What I've found was, if I launch the game without changing anything and leaving as original date (as of right now for me Nov 15, 2012, 2:40PM) then the game executable will launch (after having steam installed and not logged on or opened), but it will be a BLACK SCREEN, and the Dolby Logo will not come up. (So you'd have to Ctrl+Alt+Delete out of there and the End Program window will be there to get you out.)
Here's my own scenarios that I've tried so far:
If I go ahead and change it to +8:00 Perth time, launch game again, the Dolby Logo WILL come up, but after it fades, it's just a black screen. (Attempt ex.1)
(THIS ONE IS WORKING(for me so far))
If I leave the time as is, change the date back to the 15th (yesterday as of this message, and the day i did the 4th reinstall of the game, and gave up reinstalling the 5th time), launch game, Dolby, Treyacrch, and Activision logos will come up, and I will actually able to click start, and change in-game settings, or continue campaign. So it will run all the way for the first part (So this is good news) (Attempt ex.2)
If I change the time back to Central Time (for me), the date will automatically go back to the 14th of Nov. I launch the game, it will just be a black screen. (Attempt ex.3)
If i change the date back to the 15th, keep the time on Central, launch the game, it will be a black screen also. (Attempt ex.4)
All the above tests proves Aaron's true with, you have to keep the date on the day you installed the game, AND put the time at +8:00 Hongkong or Perth in order to launch the game without black screen. You will still see the Unhandled Exception message when you Ctrl+Alt+Del every single time and the time you quit the game.
Fair warning is that you will get the occasional freezing at the logos if you keep pressing random mouse clicks.
For anyone else, you can try my above method or try someone else's suggestions, but before I tried Aaron's suggestion, the game wouldn't even run at all, so I installed steam in (and I do have a steam account) I logged in, and then logged back out, and exited steam, kept steam off for the entire time testing.
When I said the game wouldn't run at all meaning, it would run the executable in the background, and nothing on my screen would change, it would just stay at the desktop. So I checked my SLI settings, installed to different directory, then almost gave up, then moved the game directory out of Activision folder into Program Files (x86). I am running Win 7 SP1 2GB DDR2 ram, and fresh installed Win 7. 2 SLI nvidia cards.
Hope all works well for everyone else until the game patch comes or update for the fix.